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This is a list of English language words of Welsh language origin. As with the Goidelic languages, the Brythonic tongues are close enough for possible derivations from Cumbric, Cornish or Breton in some cases. Beyond the loan of common nouns, there are numerous English toponyms, surnames, personal names or nicknames derived from Welsh (see Celtic toponymy, Celtic onomastics).〔Max Förster ''Keltisches Wortgut im Englischen'', 1921, cited by J.R.R. Tolkien, ''English and Welsh'', 1955. "many 'English' surnames, ranging from the rarest to the most familiar, are linguistically derived from Welsh (or British), from place-names, patronymics, personal names, or nick-names; or are in part so derived, even when that origin is no longer obvious. Names such as Gough, Dewey, Yarnal, Merrick, Onions, or Vowles, to mention only a few." 〕 ==Words that derive from Welsh== ; avon : from Welsh ''afon''; Cornish ''avon'' ; bard : from Old Celtic ''bardos'', either through Welsh ''bardd'' (where the bard was highly respected) or Scottish ''bardis'' (where it was a term of contempt); Cornish ''bardh'' ; cawl : a traditional Welsh soup/stew; Cornish ''kowl'' ; coracle : from ''corwgl''. But this Welsh term was derived from the Latin ''corium'' meaning "leather or hide", the material from which coracles are made. 〔(Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 ; corgi : from ''cor'', "dwarf" + ''gi'' (soft mutation of ''ci''), "dog". ; crag : from an Insular Celtic source, perhaps from Welsh ''craig'or 'Carreg''.;〔〔 Cornish ''karrek'' ; cromlech : from ''crom llech'' literally "crooked flat stone" ; cwm : from ''cwm'' "coomb." Cornish; ''komm''; passed into Old English as 'cumb' ; dad : from Welsh ''tad''. From a common Proto-Indo-European root used in many other languages, but almost certainly entered English from Welsh as the Old English equivalent was ''fæder'' (father) from Proto-Germanic ''fader'' Cornish; ''tas'' ; eisteddfod : from Welsh, lit. "session," from eistedd "to sit" (from sedd "seat," cognate with L. sedere; see sedentary) + bod "to be" (cognate with O.E. beon; see be).〔(Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 ; flannel : the Oxford English Dictionary says the etymology is "uncertain", but Welsh ''gwlanen'' = "flannel wool" is likely. An alternative source is Old French ''flaine'', "blanket". The word has been adopted in most European languages. An earlier English form was ''flannen'', which supports the Welsh etymology. Shakspeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor contains the term "the Welsh flannel".〔.〕〔.〕 ; flummery : from ''llymru''〔〔 ; kistvaen : from ''cist'' (chest) and ''maen'' (stone). ; lech : from ''llech.''〔.〕 ; possibly penguin : Possibly from ''pen gwyn'', "white head". "The fact that the penguin has a black head is no serious objection."〔〔 It may also be derived from the Breton language, or the Cornish Language, which are all closely related. However, dictionaries suggest the derivation is from Welsh ''pen'' "head" and ''gwyn'' "white", including the Oxford English Dictionary,〔(Oxford English Dictionary ). Accessed 2007-03-21〕 the American Heritage Dictionary,〔(American Heritage Dictionary at wordnik.com ) Accessed 2010-01-25〕 the Century Dictionary〔(Century Dictionary at wordnik.com ) Accessed 2010-01-25〕 and Merriam-Webster,〔(Merriam-Webster ) Accessed 2010-01-25〕 on the basis that the name was originally applied to the great auk, which had white spots in front of its eyes (although its head was black). ''Pen gwyn'' is identical in Cornish and in Breton. An alternative etymology links the word to Latin ''pinguis'', which means "fat". In Dutch, the alternative word for penguin is "fat-goose" (vetgans see: Dutch wiki or dictionaries under Pinguïn), and would indicate this bird received its name from its appearance. ; tref : meaning “hamlet, home, town.”;〔.〕 Cornish ''tre''. ; wrasse : a kind of sea fish (derived via Cornish ''wrach'', Welsh ''gwrach'' (meaning hag or witch)).〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of English words of Welsh origin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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